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Wireless Distribution System
In this project we were going to build a mesh network but since it is very complicated and has some internet restrictions, we decided to use Wireless Distribution Service(WDS). WDS creates a wireless backbone link between multiple access points that are part of the same wireless network. This allows a wireless network to be expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to link them, as is traditionally required. The WDS-enabled access points can accept wireless clients (e.g. wireless laptop users) just as traditional APs would.
Also take note of the fact that all repeaters, including this WDS Repeater mode, will sacrifice half of the bandwidth available from the primary router for clients wirelessly connected to the repeater. This is a result of the repeater taking turns talking to not just one partner, but to two, and having to relay the traffic between them. As long as your bandwidth requirements are within this halved bandwidth amount there will be little or no reduction in "speed".
In regards to integration with DD-WRT, it is confirmed working with WEP, WPA, and WPA2.
Working Products
* Linksys WRE54G Wireless Range Expander * Linksys WRT54G v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, v8 * Linksys WRT54GS v1.1 * Linksys WRT300N * Linksys WRT310N * Linksys WRT350N * Linksys WRT600N v1.1
Standard terminology for a two router setup:
* The client router is the router which does not have an internet connection. * The host router is the router which does have the internet connection and is going to share it with other routers.
SETUP Two or more WRT54G / WRT54GS / WRT54GL boxes
1. (Optional) Save the current configuration of both routers: Administration -> Backup. Click "Backup" button and follow prompts so save nvram backup files, i.e. nvram_host.bin, and nvram_client.bin. The configurations can be restored if the setup doesn't work out and you need to quickly get back to a different (working) configuration.
2. Reset both routers to factory default settings so other settings will not have a possible conflict: Use the router's reset button or do it via the UI Administration -> Factory Default - select yes - click "Apply Settings" button.
3. Give both the routers a different IP address, i.e. 192.168.1.1 (host/internet gateway) and 192.168.1.2 ("client router") on the same subnet. Setup -> Basic Setup
4. (Optional) Change the Internet Connection Type to Disable on the client router. Setup -> Basic Setup -> Internet Setup -> Internet Connection Type -> Disable
5. Set the Gateway and DNS IP addresses of the client router to the LAN IP address of the host router. Setup -> Basic Setup -> Network Setup -> Router IP -> Gateway
6. For the client router router, under Setup -> Basic Setup -- Network Address Server Settings (DHCP) -- disable DHCP server. Only have the gateway router perform DHCP services. There can only be one DHCP server on any subnet (network) for reliable operation.
7. Important ! Do Not use the DHCP forwarder either. It is equally as confusing to the network. The WDS bridge is exactly that, a bridge. All clients connecting to the repeater are bridged at the MAC layer to the primary radio and they will obtain their DHCP lease from the primary radio as though they were connecting directly to it.
8. (Optional) Turn off the firewall on the client router. Security -> Firewall -> Firewall Protection -> Disable
9. Turn off security on both routers (this should already be done if you reset as above). Security can be re-enabled after all other steps are complete, but in order to minimize troubleshooting, it's best to get things setup with no security active. Wireless -> Wireless Security -> Security Mode -> Disabled
10. Put both routers into AP mode and on the same channel. Wireless -> Basic Settings
11. Under Wireless -> Basic Settings, set the SSID to your liking. For WPA WDS, the SSID for the routers needs to be the same. For WEP, different SSIDs can make troubleshooting easier.
12. If you plan to use WPA later, select Mixed or G-only in Wireless -> Basic Settings. You cannot use B-only with WDS.
13. Open WDS configuration on both routers. Wireless -> WDS
14. On each router, you will see its wireless MAC address at the top of the Wireless -> WDS page (note that this MAC address is different from the one that may be printed on the case!). Select LAN for the type, and put each router's wireless MAC into the table of the other router. If needed, consult WDS - configuration for more than two routers for some helpful info.
15. There is no need to enable Lazy WDS or WDS subnet on either router.
16. (Optional) Finally, Under Setup > Advanced Routing [ Static Routing ] : For the Host router put in the IP for client router & for the client router put in the IP for the host router. Use same subnet and gateway of host router. Select LAN&WLAN. This makes sure the bridge is given a static IP route.
17. You can go to Status > Wireless and at bottom check WDS Nodes make sure signal strength is not zero
18. Test that you can ping the gateway from the client. Note that it may take a short amount of time for the WDS to be established, and you may need to reboot both the gateway and the client.
19. Enable encryption now, if you like (highly recommended).
20. WDS MULTIPLE ROUTER SETUP
21. From DD-WRT Wiki
22. Jump to: navigation, search
23. Verified with DD-WRT v24-sp2 (09/04/09) build 11898 --Macgyver 22:57, 12 April 2009 (CEST)
This is a 3 router WDS setup using WRT350N and 2 WRT54G, with the 1st WRT54G connecting to the WRT350N, and the 2nd WRT54G connecting to the 1st WRT54G. I have also tested with WRT600N, WRT310N, WRT300N and WRT54GS, so any broadcom-based device should work with these settings
If you only need a 2 router WDS setup, simply ignore the third router setup options; alternately if you need more, just add as needed
24. Router 1:
WRT350N
Basic setup page:
IP 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
DHCP server enabled
25. Administration tab:
change TCP timeouts to 120s
26. Wireless settings:
Make sure all units are using WPA2 Personal AES encryption, same SSID, and wireless channel(s)
(i.e all WPA2 AES, SSID 'ddwrt', channel 6)
on WDS tab set to 'LAN' mode and enter MAC address from first WRT54G
Advanced wireless settings:
CTS Protection Mode disabled
Preamble Auto
27. WRT54G #1
Administration tab:
change TCP timeouts to 120s
change max connections to 1024 if it is set to 512
Services tab:
disable WAN traffic counter and DNS masq
28. Security tab:
Uncheck 'filter ident' and 'block WAN requests', then disable SPI firewall
29. Wireless settings:
Wireless mode: G-only
Make sure all units are using WPA2 Personal AES encryption, same SSID, and wireless channel(s)
(i.e all WPA2 AES, SSID 'ddwrt', channel 6)
on WDS tab set to 'LAN' mode and enter MAC address from WRT350N and MAC address from second WRT54G
Advanced wireless settings:
CTS Protection Mode disabled
Preamble Auto
30. Basic setup page:
Connection type: disabled
IP 192.168.1.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
Assign WAN port to switch checked (optional)
DHCP server disabled
Uncheck all 3 boxes in DHCP section (Use DNSMasq for DHCP/Use DNSMasq for DNS/DHCP-Authoritative)
31. WRT54G #2
Administration tab:
change TCP timeouts to 120s
change max connections to 1024 if it is set to 512
32. Services tab:
disable WAN traffic counter and DNS masq
33. Security tab:
Uncheck 'filter ident' and 'block WAN requests', then disable SPI firewall
34. Wireless settings:
Wireless mode: G-only
Make sure all units are using WPA2 Personal AES encryption, same SSID, and wireless channel(s)
(i.e all WPA2 AES, SSID 'ddwrt', channel 6)
on WDS tab set to 'LAN' mode and enter MAC address from first WRT54G
Advanced wireless settings:
CTS Protection Mode disabled
Preamble Auto
35. Basic setup page:
Connection type: disabled
IP 192.168.1.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
Assign WAN port to switch checked (optional)
DHCP server disabled
Uncheck all 3 boxes in DHCP section (Use DNSMasq for DHCP/Use DNSMasq for DNS/DHCP-Authoritative)
36. Reboot first router, then once first router has internet, power up second router, then third, etc...
That's it!
Notes
* In some cases it may help to put the IP of the client router as a DMZ'd machine in the host router. Of course, this only works with a WDS between 2 routers.
o http://www.dd-wrt.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=669&highlight=dmz
* The source material for this list comes primarily from the following DD-WRT forum posts:
o http://www.dd-wrt.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=124
* If you're using encryption, remember to configure it on all routers!
* Set encryption after you got a running WDS.
* On the main Status page and the Wireless Status you can see the signal strength for any other routers in the WDS. If they are showing 0 then you're not connecting to them for some reason (wrong MAC address or, for WPA links, wrong SSID).
o It seems that when WPA2 is enabled, WDS does not work well with TKIP+AES: client router reports no signal from the host router, while the host router reports a valid signal from the client routeur. Using TKIP only helps.
o WPA2 is works fine with TKIP+AES: Set both client and host to the same security settings, with the same password. Version in use is v24 Beta (07/12/07) - std on 2 Buffalo WHR-G125s.
* If you want to use more than 2 repeaters with WDS and define multiple WDS paths for redundancy then you MUST enable STP or the network will loop back on itself and destroy all functionality. [Quote from GeeTek]
* There is a known bug in v24 and v24-sp1 that affects WDS. See
Resources
The individual resources for each specific element are noted in the wiki as they were used. The team members are Aylin Caliskan, Selcuk Kabadayi and Ezgi Sucu.
