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Skin
Color Transfer for Race Related Face Indentification
Jingrong
Jia(1)
Lijun Yin(1)
Joseph Morrissey(2)
(1)Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University
(2)Department of Psycology, Binghamton University
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This paper proposes race identification as the initial screening process
for face recognition. To provide a tool for race-related psychological
research, we attempt to find a general technique for transferring human
skin colors of different races. The idea is to match the intensity values
of two images and transfer the entire mood of the source image to the
target image. Further enhancement can be achieved in two ways. One is
facial multi-rgion subdivision to limit the color transfer between corresponding
regions. The other is to use "region growing" method based on
hue values for color transfer in sub-areas, such as lip, where H channel
is dominant in determining pixel colors. The technique appears to be quite
simple and results turn out to be encouraging. Our initial psychological
experiments show that skin color is amongst one of the factors for race
identification, but not the dominant one.
· MFC
· Image Layout
left-top: source image
right-top: target image
right bottom: result image
· Goal: transfer the skin color of source image to the skin of
target image
· View Screen Shot
Input dialog 1 Input dialog 2 Input dialog 3 Output screen
Processing
on some sample images
+ Source:
White female, Target: Asian female
+ Source: Asian female, Target: White female
+ Source: Asian female, Target: Black female
+ Source: White male, Target: Asian male
+ Source: Asian male, Target: White female
Histograms
of R, G, B channels
Psychological
Testing Result
A psychological test was conducted by 12 volunteers of different races
(e.g., students, faculties and psychologists including 4 whites, 4 blacks
and 4 east-Asians) from the Department of Psychology and Department of
Computer Science, SUNY at Binghamton. See table for result comparison.
(1) Test-I:
Test Method: Each viewer was given 9 original facial images (including
3 whites, 3 blacks and 3 east-Asians), and was asked to read the same
set of face images in a week interval. Note that each viewer was given
different set of 9 images.
Experiment Result: 10 out of 12 viewers were able to remember the 3 faces
of their own race correctly, and 11 out of 12 viewers mis-recognized 6
faces of other-race.
(2) Test-II:
Test Method: Each viewer was given a new set of 9 color-transferred facial
images, including 3 artificial-whites which were generated by our skin
color-transfer process, i.e., the skin colors of 3 origin-whites were
transferred to the 3 origin-black faces; 3 artificial-blacks which were
generated by transferring skin colors of 3 origin-blacks to 3 faces of
origin-whites; and 3 artificial-Asians by transferring skin colors of
3 origin-Asians to 3 faces of origin-whites. Each viewer was asked to
read the same set of artificial-face images in a week interval.
Experiment Result: 6 out of 12 viewers (about 50%) were able to remember
the 3 artificial-faces of their own color (not own-race) correctly, and
7 out of 12 viewers mis-recognized 6 faces of other-color (maybe even
their own-race).
Own-race/color correct-recognition ratio Other-race/color mis-recognition
ratio
Test I (Original) 83.3% 91.7%
Test II (Color-transferred) 50% 58.3%
back to Psycological
Testing Result
- Source:
White female, Target: Asian female
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White Female
Asian Female
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White Female
Asian Female
back to Image
Testing Result
- Source:
Asian female, Target: White female
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Asian Female
White Female
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Asian Female
White Female
back to Image
Testing Result
- Source: Asian female, Target: Black female
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Asian Female
Black Female
back to Image
Testing Result
- Source: White male, Target: Asian male
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White Male
Asian Male
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White Male
Asian Male
back to Image
Testing Result
- Source: Asian male, Target: White male
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Asian Male
White Female
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Asian Male
White Male
back to Image
Testing Result
Histogram
Top: original target image
Middle: source image
Bottom: color-manipulated target image Left: R channel,
Center: G channel,
Right: B channel
back to Testing
Result
To obtain a database of testing images, please email webmaster
Other-race effect is affected by skin colors to a certain degree. Facial
skin color is one of the aspects to influence race-related face identification
and memorization, but not the dominant factor. Our future work will investigate
more facial structure features combining the color feature for human race
differentiation and race-related face identification.
- - - You
are welcome to discuss this topic with us. For contact, please email lijun@cs.binghamton.edu
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© 2003-2004
by Lijun Yin | All rights reserved
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